dI) Cambodia and Vietnam:Two victims of the cold war
*divide and conquer=easy colonialism*
1) The past is prologue(past determines/foreshadows the future) A---Both were victims of French Impreialism in Period D 1--P=old system into new system
E=currency/subsistance into cash crops(spices)
S= new elites(christian)
C=buddhist into christianity/ native languages into french 2--The french "frenchifie" vietnamese and cambodians, trying to recreate themselves B--- Both were victims of Japanese imperialism in prd.E 1--Japanese portrayed themselves with the slogan "Asia for Asians"-facade
-->against european colonizations
-->asks asians to work for them in return for lies
-->must take over SE asia before europe gets to it 2-- Japanese were really exploiters of natural resources(labor) and markets(consumers) C--- Both were re-colonized by the French after WWII 1--French-educated, christian elite favored=people with $ and jobs 2--"uneducated" buddhist masses ignored D--- US and USSR sought to replace French in both countries 1--USSR backed Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam 2--US backed anti-communist Ngo Dinh Diem in Vietnam 3--US backed anti-communist Lon Nol in Cambodia
(#1 and #2=civil war) E--- Vietnam War spread into Cambodia in 1970
war spread=continued to bomb b/c Vietnamese supply lines F--- US withdraws in 1975-->communist takeover
2) Pol Pots revolution in Cambodia under auspices of Khmer Rouge
Definitions:
-->Lon Nol=anti-communist/ US supported(specifically cold war)
-->Pol Pot=communist/ persecuted educated people b/c of western influence/ persecuted Buddhist & Christian(religion)/ commited genocide against Cambodians
-->Khmer Rouge= freedom fighters into political party/ founding ethnic group of cambodia(Khmer)/ communist (red=communist)
-->Democratic Kampuchea=facade of democracy/ Kampuchea is the real name of Cambodia, rejecting western name eliminated
-->Angka= "the organization"(gov't)/ angka will take care of you is the promise given
A. Revolution/Abolition of old ways and Institutions
-Khmer Rouge told Cambodians to leave cities and go to farm
1st Abolition- labor and industrialization
-Pol Pot questions people like doctors, teachers, and taxi drivers, now year 0
2nd Abolition: killed all educated people
-Told people to farm, created communes
3rd Abolition: family is gone, everyone is the same, children were molded and is now in charge
4th Abolition: School's and libraries burned, Angka now thought for you
B. The Ordeal of Dith Pran
-escaped genocide in Cambodia
III. The War in Vietnam
*PRE WWII--->Hitler--->Diplomacy (Appeasement)
*POST WWII--->Stalin--->"Get Tough", Containment Policy--->Proxy Wars*
A. Cause
1. One interpretation - Cold War (NVN [North Vietnam] Ho Chi Minh and SVN [South Vietnam] Communists against SVN Ngo Dinh Diem and French)
2. Second Interpretation - Civil War (Buddhist peasants of NVN vs. French educated elite of SVN)
B. Conflict: Three phases. American
Support: 1. Before Gulf of Tonkin (1964) Phase 1: Advisory Stage (Advising and military aid). 75% Golf of Tonkin (G.O.T)--->The Blank Check
50/50 2. From the Fulf on Tonkin to Tet Offensive (1968) Phase 2: Americanization (Troops and bombing)
Tet - Lunar Year
Tet off - Fall of American Embassy Free Fall 3. From Tet to fall of Saigon/Ho chi Minh city (1975) Phase 3: Vietnazation (SVN and withdrawal)
C.Consenquences
1. Three Dominoes Fell: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laus
2. US public became divided - Anti war--->Kent State
3. Vietnam was a Quagmire - No exit strategy
4. Vietnam syndrome (We will never let it happen again)
Japan: Land, Legend, Language
-Archipelago: group up islands
-Mountainous
- Highly populated, but very dense
Modern Japan:
-not a lot of wasted space
-subway pushers
-formal tradition
-group over individual
-very punctual
-underground malls, built up and down
-apartments: small and very efficient
Period A Japan:
Religion: Shintoism - "way of the gods" values family, community, valor, fidelity
-Kami-Theology-forces of nature, spirits
Izangi -------------------------- Izanami
| |
Amaterasu(Light) Susanowo(Storm)
-Amaterasu defeats Susanowo
Ethics: kindness, honesty, wisdom
3 objects: Sword, Mirror, Pearls
Sword = wisdom - requires wisdom to be strong
Mirror = honesty - a mirror can't lie
Pearls = kindness - every pearl/person
Liturgy: norito(prayer) in shrines
-Monarchy of Japan was ruled by divine rights
Period B Japan:
Feudal System
-250 fiefdoms(known as Han)
-ruled by Daimyos
-Shogun: most powerful Daimyo
-called the shots
-Emperor: not a real leader, given power by Shogun
-Samurai: code of Bushido - honor, loyalty, courage
-made sure Hands ran smoothly
-scholars, fine artsmen, warriors, businessmen. many occupations
Borrowing from other countries in Period B:
Prince Shotoku: sent ambassadors to China
-Borrowed buddhism, language, legal code, tax system.
One Threat to Japan:
Naval expedition by Kublai Khan(Chinese emperor)
-Stopped by a monster typhoon called "Kamikaze" (great wind)
Period C Japan:
-Unify Japan
-San Felipe incident, all foerigners kicked out
-Why isolationist?
Scared that other powers wanted to take them over, Europe
-Cost of isolation?
Preserves culture, but does not allow for western influence, did not go through the industrial revolution. All foreigners trading with Japan had to go to a tiny island south of Japan's main island.
Busted and Ousted along with traders after the San Felipe incident
Japanese History in 19th Century: End of Isolation
see pg 68
A. Situation in 1840's in USA
-gold rush
-mexican war 1846-1848
-california added as a state
-manifest destiny (moving westward and conquering native american land)
B. The Perry Strategy: the politics of intimidation
the us attempted to intimidate japan although they didnt stand a chance against Japan. the main reason that the offer is excepted right away by the Japanese was because they were scared that the US would cut them up like China if they refused
1. Steamships- industrial revolution, scared Japanese, wind is powerless
2. Lands straight at capitol (Tokyo), not Nagasaki, which made the Japanese believe that the US was very powerful
3. Brought new technology (telegraph and train locomotive facsimile (model)) as gifts to the emperor
C. Fillmore Letter: 3 requests
1. the US and Japan can trade with each other
2. Refueling and safe harbor for US when boats step in Japan
3. If Americans are shipwrecked in Japan, they should be treated with kindness
Meiji Restoration/Revolution led by upset daimyo
A. Key Players
1. the 4 daimyo clans
2. meiji (emperor)
Plan was to take out shogunate, put Meji as leader. True revolution
B. Key Reforms
1. Political
-Emperor in charge, shogun destroyed
-Meiji wanted to be more western, got a new constitution, british parliamentary system, took major ideas from European countries
2. Economic
-Took british financial system, land owners lost most of their wealth
-Daimyos were forced to either join or fight, most chose to join as fighting would be result in their death
-Buildings and infrastructure was changed
3. Sociological
-Feudalism is over, any visible symbols of the samurai were banned. (samurai) Started working for the government, became managers and bureacrats of Japan. No longer loyal to daimyo, but to country
4. Cultural
-Shintoism is primary aspect. makes loyalty to not the region, but to the king
III. 3 tests to the Meiji Restoration
A. Sino-Japanese War (1894) Period D
Defeat the Chinese easily and eliminate Chinese influence in Korea, also take over Korea. Still did not receive other country's respect that Japan desired. Other countries sarcastically said "Congratulations, you beat the sick man of Asia"
B. Russo-Japanese War (1904) Period E
The Russians wanted a warm water peninsula, and the Japanese had it, so they went to war. The Russians lost to the Japanese. The Japanese' essential reason for going to war in the first place was to show the European world that Japan was a force to take seriously, but the outside world still does not give them the respect that they deserve, with a very similar response to that of from the Sino-Japanese War.
C. World War 1
Allies with GB (Great Britain) so they had to go to war. Japan wants racial equality, rejected because it brought up several things about GB's history, sets stage for WW2, the Japanese realized that they had no true allies but themselves.
Cambodia and Vietnam:Two victims of the cold war
*divide and conquer=easy colonialism*
1) The past is prologue(past determines/foreshadows the future)
A---Both were victims of French Impreialism in Period D
1--P=old system into new system
E=currency/subsistance into cash crops(spices)
S= new elites(christian)
C=buddhist into christianity/ native languages into french
2--The french "frenchifie" vietnamese and cambodians, trying to recreate themselves
B--- Both were victims of Japanese imperialism in prd.E
1--Japanese portrayed themselves with the slogan "Asia for Asians"-facade
-->against european colonizations
-->asks asians to work for them in return for lies
-->must take over SE asia before europe gets to it
2-- Japanese were really exploiters of natural resources(labor) and markets(consumers)
C--- Both were re-colonized by the French after WWII
1--French-educated, christian elite favored=people with $ and jobs
2--"uneducated" buddhist masses ignored
D--- US and USSR sought to replace French in both countries
1--USSR backed Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam
2--US backed anti-communist Ngo Dinh Diem in Vietnam
3--US backed anti-communist Lon Nol in Cambodia
(#1 and #2=civil war)
E--- Vietnam War spread into Cambodia in 1970
war spread=continued to bomb b/c Vietnamese supply lines
F--- US withdraws in 1975-->communist takeover
2)
Pol Pots revolution in Cambodia under auspices of Khmer Rouge
Definitions:
-->Lon Nol=anti-communist/ US supported(specifically cold war)
-->Pol Pot=communist/ persecuted educated people b/c of western influence/ persecuted Buddhist & Christian(religion)/ commited genocide against Cambodians
-->Khmer Rouge= freedom fighters into political party/ founding ethnic group of cambodia(Khmer)/ communist (red=communist)
-->Democratic Kampuchea=facade of democracy/ Kampuchea is the real name of Cambodia, rejecting western name eliminated
-->Angka= "the organization"(gov't)/ angka will take care of you is the promise given
A. Revolution/Abolition of old ways and Institutions
-Khmer Rouge told Cambodians to leave cities and go to farm
1st Abolition- labor and industrialization
-Pol Pot questions people like doctors, teachers, and taxi drivers, now year 0
2nd Abolition: killed all educated people
-Told people to farm, created communes
3rd Abolition: family is gone, everyone is the same, children were molded and is now in charge
4th Abolition: School's and libraries burned, Angka now thought for you
B. The Ordeal of Dith Pran
-escaped genocide in Cambodia
III. The War in Vietnam
*PRE WWII--->Hitler--->Diplomacy (Appeasement)
*POST WWII--->Stalin--->"Get Tough", Containment Policy--->Proxy Wars*
A. Cause
1. One interpretation - Cold War (NVN [North Vietnam] Ho Chi Minh and SVN [South Vietnam] Communists against SVN Ngo Dinh Diem and French)
2. Second Interpretation - Civil War (Buddhist peasants of NVN vs. French educated elite of SVN)
B. Conflict: Three phases.
American
Support: 1. Before Gulf of Tonkin (1964) Phase 1: Advisory Stage (Advising and military aid).
75% Golf of Tonkin (G.O.T)--->The Blank Check
50/50 2. From the Fulf on Tonkin to Tet Offensive (1968) Phase 2: Americanization (Troops and bombing)
Tet - Lunar Year
Tet off - Fall of American Embassy
Free Fall 3. From Tet to fall of Saigon/Ho chi Minh city (1975) Phase 3: Vietnazation (SVN and withdrawal)
C.Consenquences
1. Three Dominoes Fell: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laus
2. US public became divided - Anti war--->Kent State
3. Vietnam was a Quagmire - No exit strategy
4. Vietnam syndrome (We will never let it happen again)
Japan: Land, Legend, Language
-Archipelago: group up islands
-Mountainous
- Highly populated, but very dense
Modern Japan:
-not a lot of wasted space
-subway pushers
-formal tradition
-group over individual
-very punctual
-underground malls, built up and down
-apartments: small and very efficient
Period A Japan:
Religion: Shintoism - "way of the gods" values family, community, valor, fidelity
-Kami-Theology-forces of nature, spirits
Izangi -------------------------- Izanami
| |
Amaterasu(Light) Susanowo(Storm)
-Amaterasu defeats Susanowo
Ethics: kindness, honesty, wisdom
3 objects: Sword, Mirror, Pearls
Sword = wisdom - requires wisdom to be strong
Mirror = honesty - a mirror can't lie
Pearls = kindness - every pearl/person
Liturgy: norito(prayer) in shrines
-Monarchy of Japan was ruled by divine rights
Period B Japan:
Feudal System
-250 fiefdoms(known as Han)
-ruled by Daimyos
-Shogun: most powerful Daimyo
-called the shots
-Emperor: not a real leader, given power by Shogun
-Samurai: code of Bushido - honor, loyalty, courage
-made sure Hands ran smoothly
-scholars, fine artsmen, warriors, businessmen. many occupations
Borrowing from other countries in Period B:
Prince Shotoku: sent ambassadors to China
-Borrowed buddhism, language, legal code, tax system.
One Threat to Japan:
Naval expedition by Kublai Khan(Chinese emperor)
-Stopped by a monster typhoon called "Kamikaze" (great wind)
Period C Japan:
-Unify Japan
-San Felipe incident, all foerigners kicked out
-Why isolationist?
Scared that other powers wanted to take them over, Europe
-Cost of isolation?
Preserves culture, but does not allow for western influence, did not go through the industrial revolution. All foreigners trading with Japan had to go to a tiny island south of Japan's main island.
Busted and Ousted along with traders after the San Felipe incident
Japanese History in 19th Century: End of Isolation
see pg 68
A. Situation in 1840's in USA
-gold rush
-mexican war 1846-1848
-california added as a state
-manifest destiny (moving westward and conquering native american land)
B. The Perry Strategy: the politics of intimidation
the us attempted to intimidate japan although they didnt stand a chance against Japan. the main reason that the offer is excepted right away by the Japanese was because they were scared that the US would cut them up like China if they refused
1. Steamships- industrial revolution, scared Japanese, wind is powerless
2. Lands straight at capitol (Tokyo), not Nagasaki, which made the Japanese believe that the US was very powerful
3. Brought new technology (telegraph and train locomotive facsimile (model)) as gifts to the emperor
C. Fillmore Letter: 3 requests
1. the US and Japan can trade with each other
2. Refueling and safe harbor for US when boats step in Japan
3. If Americans are shipwrecked in Japan, they should be treated with kindness
Meiji Restoration/Revolution led by upset daimyo
A. Key Players
1. the 4 daimyo clans
2. meiji (emperor)
Plan was to take out shogunate, put Meji as leader. True revolution
B. Key Reforms
1. Political
-Emperor in charge, shogun destroyed
-Meiji wanted to be more western, got a new constitution, british parliamentary system, took major ideas from European countries
2. Economic
-Took british financial system, land owners lost most of their wealth
-Daimyos were forced to either join or fight, most chose to join as fighting would be result in their death
-Buildings and infrastructure was changed
3. Sociological
-Feudalism is over, any visible symbols of the samurai were banned. (samurai) Started working for the government, became managers and bureacrats of Japan. No longer loyal to daimyo, but to country
4. Cultural
-Shintoism is primary aspect. makes loyalty to not the region, but to the king
III. 3 tests to the Meiji Restoration
A. Sino-Japanese War (1894) Period D
Defeat the Chinese easily and eliminate Chinese influence in Korea, also take over Korea. Still did not receive other country's respect that Japan desired. Other countries sarcastically said "Congratulations, you beat the sick man of Asia"
B. Russo-Japanese War (1904) Period E
The Russians wanted a warm water peninsula, and the Japanese had it, so they went to war. The Russians lost to the Japanese. The Japanese' essential reason for going to war in the first place was to show the European world that Japan was a force to take seriously, but the outside world still does not give them the respect that they deserve, with a very similar response to that of from the Sino-Japanese War.
C. World War 1
Allies with GB (Great Britain) so they had to go to war. Japan wants racial equality, rejected because it brought up several things about GB's history, sets stage for WW2, the Japanese realized that they had no true allies but themselves.